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Exam Strategy

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Biology · AP · Cell Structure and Function

CED focus

Explain membrane transport using concentration gradients and tonicity.

This topic is assessed on the AP Exam.

Multiple-choice tips

  • Identify what the question is testing before computing
  • Eliminate choices that violate definitions or conditions
  • Check units, signs, and whether the answer is exact or approximate

Free-response tips

  • Show setup and justification; partial credit follows clear work
  • Use correct notation and name the result you found
  • If stuck, write a valid related step (definition, theorem, or setup)

Common traps

  • Mixing this skill with a neighboring CED topic
  • Skipping conditions required by a theorem or procedure
  • Leaving an answer without connecting it to the prompt

Quick checklist

  • [ ] Can state what 2.2 asks for in one sentence
  • [ ] Can complete one easy and one medium practice item
  • [ ] Can explain a common mistake for this topic

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