Experimental methods
Undergraduate · Physics
Syllabus focus
Topics typically covered
Standard syllabus
Measurement fundamentals
- Systematic vs random errors
- Propagation of uncertainty
- Least squares and χ² fitting
- Calibration standards and traceability
- Signal-to-noise and bandwidth
Experimental design
- Hypothesis testing and controls
- Blocking and factorial designs
- Sampling rates and Nyquist criterion
- Feedback and stability in apparatus
- Documentation and lab notebooks
Core techniques
- Vacuum systems and pressure measurement
- Cryogenics and temperature control
- Optical alignment and interferometry
- Lock-in detection and modulation
- Radiation safety and licensing basics
STEM / applied
Advanced instrumentation
- PID control for experimental parameters
- DAQ systems: NI, LabVIEW, or Python
- Spectrum analyzers and FFT pitfalls
- Low-temperature thermometry
- Cleanroom and nanofabrication overview
Data science for labs
- Automated pipelines and metadata schemas
- Bayesian inference for parameter estimation
- Machine learning for anomaly detection (cautious use)
- Open data and reproducible analysis
- Visualization for publication figures
Professional practice
- Writing SOPs and risk assessments
- Equipment maintenance schedules
- Collaborating with machine shops
- Budgeting for consumables and parts
- Presenting experimental results at conferences
Study units
Each unit includes a study guide, worksheets, review, practice test, and answer key. One unit is free; subscribe for the full class.
- Measurement fundamentals
Systematic vs random errors
Coming soon - Experimental design
Hypothesis testing and controls
Coming soon - Core techniques
Vacuum systems and pressure measurement
Coming soon
Notes
Topics reflect common upper-division physics syllabi at US colleges and universities. Prerequisites, lab pairing, and mathematical depth vary by department.