Standard syllabus
Instrumental analysis · Undergraduate · Chemistry
Topics
Instrumentation fundamentals
- Signal and noise in analytical measurements
- Analog-to-digital conversion and data acquisition
- Calibration, drift, and instrument maintenance
- Figures of merit: sensitivity, selectivity, dynamic range
- Sampling systems and sample introduction
- Vacuum systems and mass spectrometry requirements
- Optics: monochromators, gratings, and detectors
- Fourier transform techniques in spectroscopy
- Chromatographic hardware: pumps, injectors, columns
- Method development workflow for instrumental methods
Spectroscopic methods
- UV-Vis and diode-array spectrophotometry
- Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy
- ICP-OES and ICP-MS (introduction)
- Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy
- IR and FTIR spectroscopy
- Raman spectroscopy: principles and applications
- NMR spectroscopy for organic structure (analytical focus)
- EPR/ESR spectroscopy (overview)
- X-ray techniques: XRF and XPS (introduction)
- Chemometrics and multivariate calibration
Chromatography and separations
- Theory: van Deemter equation and resolution
- Gas chromatography: capillary columns and detectors (FID, TCD, ECD)
- GC-MS: ionization, fragmentation, library matching
- HPLC: reversed-phase, normal-phase, ion-pair
- UHPLC and method transfer considerations
- LC-MS and LC-MS/MS: electrospray and APCI
- Ion chromatography for anions and cations
- Size-exclusion and affinity chromatography
- Capillary electrophoresis and CE-MS
- Two-dimensional chromatography (overview)
Electroanalytical and thermal methods
- Potentiometry: ion-selective electrodes
- Voltammetry: linear sweep, differential pulse, stripping
- Amperometry and biosensors
- Conductometry and impedance spectroscopy
- Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
- Thermal methods for polymer characterization
- Electrochemical detection in chromatography
- Sensor arrays and electronic noses (overview)
- Choosing hyphenated techniques for complex samples
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