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Parent Guide — K.OA.A.4

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Kindergarten Math · Operations & Algebraic Thinking

What this standard means

Your child learns partners of 10: for any number from 1 to 9, find what to add to make 10.

Example: 10 = 7 + 3. Record with objects, a drawing, or an equation.

Why it matters at home

  • Ten-frame egg carton (10 cups): fill some, ask how many empty
  • Fingers: hold up 6 — how many more to make 10?
  • Packing a box that holds 10 toys
  • “We need 10 napkins; we have 4”
  • Bowling-style: 10 pins, some down — how many still standing?

Connected standards

  • Builds on:
  • `K.OA.A.3` — decomposing numbers into pairs (here, pairs that sum to 10)
  • `K.CC.B.5` — counting empty/filled spaces on a ten-frame
  • Connects within grade:
  • `K.OA.A.2` — using “how many more to 10?” in stories
  • `K.OA.A.5` — small facts that sit inside partners of 10
  • Leads to:
  • `1.OA.C.6` — make-a-ten strategies for adding within 20
  • `1.NBT.B.2` — ten as a bundle (place-value meaning of 10)
  • `K.NBT.A.1` — teens as one ten and some ones

Try these together (this standard)

1. What goes with 4 to make 10? 2. What goes with 9 to make 10? 3. Fill a ten-frame with 2. How many empty spaces?

Problems that show the connections

1. (Uses K.OA.A.3) Show two different pairs that make 10 (not only one). 2. (Uses K.NBT.A.1) Build 10 + 6 to make 16, after practicing “what makes 10.” 3. (Uses K.OA.A.2) Story: “Cups hold 10 muffins. We baked 7. How many more to fill the tin?”

How you can help

  • Ten-frames make this visual — prefer them over abstract drills first
  • Practice all of 1–9, not only easy ones
  • Say “___ and ___ make ten”
  • Connect to fingers (5+5 is a friendly landmark)
  • Record 10 = 6 + 4 when ready
  • Short, frequent practice beats long sessions

Answer key

1. 6 2. 1 3. 8 4. e.g. 3+7 and 5+5 5. 16 6. 3 more

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